How to Prevent Trailer Sway During Towing

What is Trailer Sway?

Trailer sway refers to the fishtailing or side-to-side movement of a trailer behind the towing vehicle. While slight movement is normal, excessive sway can result in the trailer:

• Jackknifing
• Detaching
• Flipping (In extreme cases)

This instability can lead to fatal accidents, cargo loss, and significant equipment damage. The issue is typically triggered by crosswinds, abrupt steering, poor load distribution, uneven tire pressure, or mechanical defects in the hitch or suspension system.

Causes of Trailer Sway

1. Improper Load Distribution

One of the most common causes of trailer sway is a poorly balanced load. When cargo is unevenly distributed, especially if the center of gravity is too far rearward, the trailer becomes unstable. Ideally, 60% of the load should be in the front half of the trailer, just ahead of the axle(s), and secured to prevent shifting.

2. Crosswinds and Air Pressure

Gusts of wind — particularly when passing or being passed by large commercial vehicles — can push against the broad side of a trailer. If the trailer is tall or lightly loaded, it becomes even more susceptible. The aerodynamic forces can create a pendulum effect that worsens with speed.

3. Inadequate Hitch Setup

A mismatched or improperly adjusted hitch is a recipe for disaster. The hitch height should ensure the trailer remains level when connected. Too high or low, and the center of gravity shifts dangerously. Weight distribution hitches with sway control are often recommended for larger loads.

4. Suspension and Axle Wear

Worn or misaligned axles, fatigued suspension components, and degraded shocks can all contribute to instability. Regular inspections are crucial, especially before long hauls where road conditions and wind variability can be unpredictable.

How to Prevent Trailer Sway

1. Use a Weight Distribution Hitch With Sway Control

This isn’t just a suggestion — for heavy-duty applications, it's practically a mandate. A weight distribution hitch redistributes the tongue weight more evenly across the trailer and tow vehicle axles, improving stability. Integrated sway control mechanisms further dampen lateral movement, often through friction or cam-style systems.

2. Maintain Proper Tire Pressure

Both the trailer and the tow vehicle must have even and properly inflated tires. Underinflated tires can flex more, reducing road contact and increasing sway potential. Overinflated tires reduce traction and ride comfort. Always check PSI before hitting the road and ensure tread depth meets legal and operational requirements.

3. Load Cargo Smartly

As mentioned earlier, aim for a front-heavy load distribution. Tie-downs and load bars should be used to keep cargo in place — especially on open-deck trailers. Soft loads (such as mulch or scrap) shift easily; bulkier items like equipment must be strapped tightly and balanced across both sides.

4. Adjust Driving Habits

Drive slower when towing — especially in adverse conditions. High speeds amplify sway, as do sudden steering corrections. Avoid sharp lane changes, aggressive braking, and abrupt throttle inputs. Instead, maintain a steady hand and anticipate the actions of other drivers.

5. Reduce Speed Gradually

If sway begins, do not slam the brakes. This will worsen the motion. Instead, ease off the throttle gradually and hold the steering wheel steady. Once the speed drops and stability returns, pull over safely and assess the situation. Redistribute the load if needed.

6. Install Trailer Sway Control Systems

For high-mileage or high-risk applications, consider aftermarket trailer sway control systems. These systems monitor lateral movement and adjust brake pressure to individual trailer wheels in real-time. Integrated electronic trailer brake controllers are another critical asset that allows for precise application of trailer brakes independent of the tow vehicle.

7. Inspect Before Every Haul

Pre-trip inspections are non-negotiable. Confirm the following:

• Hitch and coupler are properly secured
• Safety chains are crisscrossed and tight
• Suspension components show no signs of wear or fatigue
• Tire pressure and tread are up to spec
• Load is properly distributed and secured
• Brake lights and trailer wiring are fully functional

In Texas, especially in rural or open-road areas, trailer sway incidents can quickly escalate due to speed and distance from assistance. That’s why you should always inspect trailer components even if they’re not under strict DOT purview.

Professional Equipment Considerations

For businesses that use trailers as part of their heavy-duty logistics or diesel equipment transport, investing in purpose-built gear pays off. Opt for trailers with:

• Dual-axle setups
• Low center-of-gravity designs
• Air-ride suspension systems
• Anti-sway bar integration

These elements add layers of protection when the unexpected arises — and it always does on the open road.

Take Control of Your Haul

Preventing trailer sway is a matter of preparation, awareness, and execution. From the equipment you use to the way you load cargo and handle your rig on the road, every detail matters. Whether you’re hauling across San Antonio or navigating rugged backroads in South Texas, the stakes are too high to leave it to chance.

Be proactive. Stay safe. And remember — an ounce of prevention is worth a ton of wreckage.